{"product_id":"modern-physics","title":"Modern Physics","description":"\u003cp\u003ePreface v\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1. \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eSome Deficiencies of Classical Physics 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Review of Classical Physics 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Deficiencies in Classical Concepts of Space and Time 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Deficiencies in the Classical Theory of Particle Statistics 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Theory, Experiment, Law 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 22\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Special Theory of Relativity 25\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Classical Relativity 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 The Michelson–Morley Experiment 29\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Einstein’s Postulates 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Consequences of Einstein’s Postulates 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 The Lorentz Transformation 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 The Twin Paradox 46\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Relativistic Dynamics 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Conservation Laws in Relativistic Decays and Collisions 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Experimental Tests of Special Relativity 58\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3. The Particle-Like Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation 71\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Review of Electromagnetic Waves 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 The Photoelectric Effect 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Thermal Radiation 83\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 The Compton Effect 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Other Photon Processes 93\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Particles or Waves 96\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4. \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Wavelike Properties of Particles 105\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 De Broglie’s Hypothesis 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Experimental Evidence for De Broglie Waves 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Uncertainty Relationships for Classical Waves 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Heisenberg Uncertainty Relationships 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Wave Packets 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 The Motion of a Wave Packet 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Probability and Randomness 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 133\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5. \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Schrödinger Equation 139\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Behavior of a Wave at a Boundary 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Confining a Particle 144\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 The Schrödinger Equation 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Applications of the Schrödinger Equation 150\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 The Simple Harmonic Oscillator 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Steps and Barriers 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6. \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Rutherford-Bohr Model of the Atom 177\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Basic Properties of Atoms 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Scattering Experiments and the Thomson Model 179\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 The Rutherford Nuclear Atom 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Line Spectra 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 The Bohr Model 191\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 The Franck-Hertz Experiment 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 The Correspondence Principle 199\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Deficiencies of the Bohr Model 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7. \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Hydrogen Atom in Wave Mechanics 207\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 A One-Dimensional Atom 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Angular Momentum in the Hydrogen Atom 210\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 The Hydrogen Atom Wave Functions 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Radial Probability Densities 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Angular Probability Densities 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Intrinsic Spin 222\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Energy Levels and Spectroscopic Notation 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 The Zeeman Effect 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Fine Structure 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8. \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eMany-Electron Atoms 237\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 The Pauli Exclusion Principle 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Electronic States in Many-Electron Atoms 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Outer Electrons: Screening and Optical Transitions 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Properties of the Elements 248\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Inner Electrons: Absorption Edges and X Rays 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Addition of Angular Momenta 257\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Lasers 261\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 266\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9. \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eMolecular Structure 269\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 The Hydrogen Molecule 270\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Covalent Bonding in Molecules 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Ionic Bonding 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Molecular Vibrations 286\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Molecular Rotations 290\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Molecular Spectra 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10. \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eStatistical Physics 303\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Statistical Analysis 304\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Classical and Quantum Statistics 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 The Density of States 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 The Maxwell–Boltzmann Distribution 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Quantum Statistics 321\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Applications of Bose–Einstein Statistics 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Applications of Fermi–Dirac Statistics 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 336\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11. \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eSolid-State Physics 341\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Crystal Structures 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 The Heat Capacity of Solids 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Electrons in Metals 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Band Theory of Solids 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Superconductivity 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Intrinsic and Impurity Semiconductors 369\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 Semiconductor Devices 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Magnetic Materials 376\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12. \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eNuclear Structure and Radioactivity 389\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Nuclear Constituents 390\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Nuclear Sizes and Shapes 392\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Nuclear Masses and Binding Energies 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 The Nuclear Force 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Quantum States in Nuclei 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Radioactive Decay 403\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Alpha Decay 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Beta Decay 410\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9 Gamma Decay and Nuclear Excited States 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.10 Natural Radioactivity 418\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13. \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eNuclear Reactions and Applications 427\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Types of Nuclear Reactions 428\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Radioisotope Production in Nuclear Reactions 432\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Low-Energy Reaction Kinematics 434\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Fission 437\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Fusion 443\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Nucleosynthesis 450\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 Applications of Nuclear Physics 453\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 459\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14. \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eElementary Particles 463\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 The Four Basic Forces 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Classifying Particles 466\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Conservation Laws 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Particle Interactions and Decays 475\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Energy and Momentum in Particle Decays 481\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Energy and Momentum in Particle Reactions 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.7 The Quark Structure of Mesons and Baryons 487\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.8 The Standard Model 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 499\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15. \u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003eCosmology: The Origin and Fate of the Universe 503\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 The Expansion of the Universe 504\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation 508\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Dark Matter 510\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 The General Theory of Relativity 512\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Tests of General Relativity 519\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Stellar Evolution and Black Holes 523\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 Cosmology and General Relativity 528\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8 The Big Bang Cosmology 530\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.9 The Formation of Nuclei and Atoms 533\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.10 Experimental Cosmology 536\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions 541\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix A: Constants and Conversion Factors 545\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix B: Complex Numbers 547\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix C: Periodic Table of the Elements 549\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix D: Table of Atomic Masses 551\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix E: Some Milestones in the History of Modern Physics 561\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnswers to Odd-Numbered Problems 565\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 569\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex to Tables 577\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Kenneth S. 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