{"product_id":"munson-young-and-okiishis-fundamentals-of-fluid-mechanics-international-adaptation","title":"Munson, Young and Okiishi's Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, International Adaptation","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Intoduction 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 Some Characteristics Of Fluids 3\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Dimensions, Dimensional Homogeneity, And Units 4\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2.1 Systems Of Units 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Analysis Of Fluid Behavior 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Measures Of Fluid Mass And Weight 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.1 Density 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.2 Specific Weight 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4.3 Specific Gravity 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Ideal Gas Law 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Viscosity 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Compressibility Of Fluids 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.1 Bulk Modulus 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.2 Compression And Expansion Of Gases 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7.3 Speed Of Sound 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Vapor Pressure 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 Surface Tension 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10 A Brief Look Back In History 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Equations 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions And Problems 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Fluid Statics 40\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Pressure At A Point 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Basic Equation For Pressure Field 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Pressure Variation In A Fluid At Rest 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.1 Incompressible Fluid 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3.2 Compressible Fluid 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Standard Atmosphere 48\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Measurement Of Pressure 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Manometry 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.1 Piezometer Tube 52\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.2 U-Tube Manometer 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6.3 Inclined-Tube Manometer 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Mechanical And Electronic Pressure-Measuring Devices 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Hydrostatic Force On A Plane Surface And Pressure Diagram 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.1 Hydrostatic Force 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8.2 Pressure Diagram 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Hydrostatic Force On A Curved Surface 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Buoyancy, Flotation, And Stability 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.1 Archimedes’ Principle 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10.2 The Stability Of Bodies In Fluids 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11 Pressure Variation In A Fluid With Rigid-Body Motion 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11.1 Linear Motion 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11.2 Rigid-Body Rotation 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.12 Equilibrium Of Moving Fluids (Special Case Of Fluid Statics) 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Equations 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions And Problems 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Fluid Kinematics 99\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 The Velocity Field 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.1 Eulerian And Lagrangian Flow Descriptions 101\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.2 One-, Two-, And Threedimensional Flows 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.3 Steady And Unsteady Flows 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1.4 Flow Patterns: Streamlines, Streaklines, And Pathlines 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 The Acceleration Field 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.1 Acceleration And The Material Derivative 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.2 Unsteady Effects 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.3 Convective Effects 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2.4 Streamline Coordinates 115\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Control Volume And System Representations 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 The Reynolds Transport Theorem 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.1 Derivation Of The Reynolds Transport Theorem 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.2 Physical Interpretation 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.3 Relationship To Material Derivative 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.4 Steady And Unsteady Effects 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.5 Moving Control Volumes 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4.6 Selection Of A Control Volume 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Equations 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions And Problems 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Elementary Fluid Dynamics— The Bernoulli Equation 139\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Newton’s Second Law 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 F = Ma Along A Streamline 142\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 F = Ma Normal To A Streamline 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Physical Interpretations And Alternate Forms Of The Bernoulli Equation 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Static, Stagnation, Dynamic, And Total Pressure 151\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Applications Of The Bernoulli Equation 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.1 Free Jets 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.2 Confined Flows 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6.3 Flowrate Measurement 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 The Energy Line And The Hydraulic Grade Line 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Restrictions On Use Of The Bernoulli Equation 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.1 Compressibility Effects 172\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.2 Unsteady Effects 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.3 Rotational Effects 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8.4 Other Restrictions 175\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Equations 176\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions And Problems 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Finite Control Volume Analysis 192\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 192\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Conservation Of Mass—The Continuity Equation 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.1 Derivation Of The Continuity Equation 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.2 Fixed, Nondeforming Control Volume 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.3 Moving, Nondeforming Control Volume 201\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1.4 Deforming Control Volume 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 Newton’s Second Law—The Linear Momentum And Moment-Of-Momentum Equations 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.1 Derivation Of The Linear Momentum Equation 205\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.2 Application Of The Linear Momentum Equation 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.3 Derivation Of The Moment-Of-Momentum Equation 219\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2.4 Application Of The Moment-Ofmomentum Equation 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 First Law Of Thermodynamics— The Energy Equation 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.1 Derivation Of The Energy Equation 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.2 Application Of The Energy Equation 230\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.3 The Mechanical Energy Equation And The Bernoulli Equation 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.4 Application Of The Energy Equation To Nonuniform Flows 240\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.5 Comparison Of Various Forms Of The Energy Equation 242\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3.6 Combination Of The Energy Equation And The Moment-Of-Momentum Equation 244\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Equations 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions And Problems 246\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Differential Analysis Of Fluid Flow 262\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 262\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Fluid Element Kinematics 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.1 Velocity And Acceleration Fields Revisited 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.2 Linear Motion And Deformation 264\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1.3 Angular Motion And Deformation 265\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Conservation Of Mass 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.1 Differential Form Of Continuity Equation 268\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.2 Cylindrical Polar Coordinates 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2.3 The Stream Function 271\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 The Linear Momentum Equation 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.1 Description Of Forces Acting On The Differential Element 275\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3.2 Equations Of Motion 277\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Inviscid Flow 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.1 Euler’s Equations Of Motion 278\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.2 The Bernoulli Equation 279\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.3 Irrotational Flow 280\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.4 The Bernoulli Equation For Irrotational Flow 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4.5 The Velocity Potential 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Some Basic, Plane Potential Flows 285\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.1 Uniform Flow 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.2 Source And Sink 287\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.3 Vortex 289\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5.4 Doublet 292\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Superposition Of Basic, Plane Potential Flows 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.1 Source In A Uniform Stream—Half-Body 294\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.2 Rankine Ovals 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6.3 Flow Around A Circular Cylinder 299\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Other Aspects Of Potential Flow 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Viscous Flow 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.1 Stress–Deformation Relationships 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8.2 The Navier–Stokes Equations 306\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Some Simple Solutions For Laminar, Viscous, Incompressible Flows 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.1 Steady, Laminar Flow Between Fixed Parallel Plates 308\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.2 Couette Flow 310\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.3 Steady, Laminar Flow In Circular Tubes 312\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9.4 Steady, Axial, Laminar Flow In An Annulus 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10 Other Aspects Of Differential Analysis 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10.1 Numerical Methods 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Equations 318\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions And Problems 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Dimensional Analysis, Similitude, And Modeling 329\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 329\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 The Need For Dimensional Analysis 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Buckingham Pi Theorem 332\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 Determination Of Pi Terms 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Some Directions About Dimensional Analysis 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.1 Selection Of Variables 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.2 Determination Of Reference Dimensions 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4.3 Uniqueness Of Pi Terms 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 Determination Of Pi Terms By Inspection 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Common Dimensionless Groups In Fluid Mechanics 344\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Correlation Of Experimental Data 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.1 Problems With One Pi Term 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7.2 Problems With Two Or More Pi Terms 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Modeling And Similitude 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.1 Theory Of Models 353\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.2 Model Scales 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8.3 Practical Aspects Of Using Models 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9 Typical Model Studies 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.1 Flow Through Closed Conduits 359\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.2 Flow Around Immersed Bodies 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.9.3 Flow With A Free Surface 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10 Similitude Based On Governing Differential Equations 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Equations 371\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions And Problems 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Viscous Flow In Pipes 382\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 382\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 General Characteristics Of Pipe Flow 383\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.1 Laminar Or Turbulent Flow 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.2 Entrance Region And Fully Developed Flow 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1.3 Pressure And Shear Stress 387\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Fully Developed Laminar Flow 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.1 From F = Ma Applied Directly To A Fluid Element 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.2 From The Navier–Stokes Equations 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.3 From Dimensional Analysis 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2.4 Energy Considerations 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Fully Developed Turbulent Flow 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.1 Transition From Laminar To Turbulent Flow 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.2 Turbulent Shear Stress 399\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.3 Turbulent Velocity Profile 404\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.4 Turbulence Modeling 407\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3.5 Chaos And Turbulence 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Pipe Flow Losses Via Dimensional Analysis 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.1 Major Losses 408\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.2 Minor Losses 414\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4.3 Noncircular Conduits 423\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Pipe Flow Examples 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.1 Single Pipes 426\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5.2 Multiple Pipe Systems 435\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Pipe Flowrate Measurement 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.1 Pipe Flowrate Meters 439\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.2 Volume Flowmeters 444\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.3 Multiphase Flow Measurement In Pipes 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6.4 Water Hammer And Their Measurements In Pipes 445\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary 447\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Equations 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 448\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions And Problems 449\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Flow Over Immersed Bodies 462\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 462\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 General External Flow Characteristics 463\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.1 Lift And Drag Concepts 464\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1.2 Characteristics Of Flow Past An Object 467\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Boundary Layer Characteristics 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.1 Boundary Layer Structure And Thickness On A Flat Plate 471\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.2 Prandtl \/ Blasius Boundary Layer Solution 474\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.3 Momentum Integral Boundary Layer Equation For A Flat Plate 478\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.4 Transition From Laminar To Turbulent Flow 483\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.5 Turbulent Boundary Layer Flow 485\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.6 Effects Of Pressure Gradient 488\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2.7 Momentum Integral Boundary Layer Equation With Nonzero Pressure Gradient 493\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Drag 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.1 Friction Drag 494\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.2 Pressure Drag 496\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3.3 Drag Coefficient Data And Examples 498\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Lift 511\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.1 Surface Pressure Distribution 513\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4.2 Circulation 518\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary 523\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Equations 524\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 524\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions And Problems 525\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Open-Channel Flow 535\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 535\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 General Characteristics Of Open-Channel Flow 535\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2 Surface Waves 537\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.1 Wave Speed 537\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2.2 Froude Number Effects 540\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3 Energy Considerations 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.1 Energy Balance 542\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3.2 Specific Energy 543\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4 Uniform Flow 546\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.1 Uniform Flow Approximations 546\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.2 The Chezy And Manning Equations 547\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4.3 Uniform Flow Examples 549\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5 Most Efficient Channel Section 555\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.1 Trapezoidal Channel Section 555\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.5.2 Triangular Channel Section 557\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6 Gradually Varied Flow 560\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7 Rapidly Varied Flow 561\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.1 The Hydraulic Jump 562\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.2 Sharp-Crested Weirs 567\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.3 Broad-Crested Weirs 570\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.7.4 Underflow (Sluice) Gates 572\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Equations 573\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 574\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions And Problems 574\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Compressible Flow 581\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 581\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Ideal Gas Thermodynamics 582\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Stagnation Properties 587\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Mach Number And Speed Of Sound 588\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Compressible Flow Regimes 593\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5 Shock Waves 597\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.5.1 Normal Shock 597\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6 Isentropic Flow 603\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.1 Steady Isentropic Flow Of An Ideal Gas 603\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.2 Incompressible Flow And The Bernoulli Equation 606\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6.3 The Critical State 608\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7 One-Dimensional Flow In A Variable Area Duct 608\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.1 General Considerations 609\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.2 Isentropic Flow Of An Ideal Gas With Area Change 612\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.3 Operation Of A Converging Nozzle 618\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7.4 Operation Of A Converging–Diverging Nozzle 620\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8 Constant-Area Duct Flow With Friction 624\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.1 Preliminary Consideration: Comparison With Incompressible Duct Flow 624\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.2 The Fanno Line 625\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.8.3 Adiabatic Frictional Flow (Fanno Flow) Of An Ideal Gas 628\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9 Frictionless Flow In A Constant-Area Duct With Heating Or Cooling 636\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9.1 The Rayleigh Line 636\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9.2 Frictionless Flow Of An Ideal Gas With Heating Or Cooling (Rayleigh Flow) 639\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.9.3 Rayleigh Lines, Fanno Lines, And Normal Shocks 642\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.10 Analogy Between Compressible And Open -Channel Flows 643\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11 Two-Dimensional Supersonic Flow 644\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.12 Effects Of Compressibility In External Flow 646\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary 649\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Equations 650\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 652\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions And Problems 652\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Turbomachines 657\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning Objectives 657\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Introduction 658\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Basic Energy Considerations 659\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Angular Momentum Considerations 663\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 The Centrifugal Pump 665\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.1 Theoretical Considerations 666\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.2 Pump Performance Characteristics 670\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.3 Net Positive Suction Head (Npsh) 672\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4.4 System Characteristics, Pump-System Matching, And Pump Selection 674\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Dimensionless Parameters And Similarity Laws 678\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.1 Special Pump Scaling Laws 680\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.2 Specific Speed 681\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5.3 Suction Specific Speed 682\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Axial-Flow And Mixed-Flow Pumps 683\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Turbines 685\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.1 Impulse Turbines 685\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7.2 Reaction Turbines 692\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8 Fans 695\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9 Compressible Flow Turbomachines 696\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.1 Compressors 697\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9.2 Compressible Flow Turbines 700\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChapter Summary 702\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey Equations 703\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences 704\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions And Problems 704\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix A Computational Fluid Dynamics 713\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix B Physical Properties Of Fluids 731\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix C Properties Of The U.S. Standard Atmosphere 736\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix D Compressible Flow Functions For An Ideal Gas With K = 1.4 738\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAppendix E Comprehensive Table Of Conversion Factors 746\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex I- 1\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Philip M. 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