Jacaranda Geography Alive 8 Victorian Curriculum, 3e learnON and Print

About this resource vii

Acknowledgements xiv

Understanding cognitive verbs

1 Geographical concepts and skills 1

1.1 Overview 2

1.2 Geographical concepts and skills 4

1.3 SkillBuilder: Geographical inquiry - online only

1.4 SkillBuilder: Concluding and decision-making - online only

1.5 SkillBuilder: Communicating - online only

1.6 SkillBuilder: Reading contour lines on a map - online only

1.7 SkillBuilder: Recognising land features - online only

1.8 SkillBuilder: Using latitude and longitude - online only

1.9 SkillBuilder: Calculating distance using scale - online only

1.10 SkillBuilder: Drawing simple cross-sections - online only

1.11 SkillBuilder: Interpreting an aerial photo - online only

1.12 SkillBuilder: Understanding thematic maps - online only

1.13 SkillBuilder: Drawing a line graph using Excel - online only

1.14 SkillBuilder: Using positional language - online only

1.15 SkillBuilder: Constructing a field sketch - online only

1.16 SkillBuilder: Creating and describing complex overlay maps - online only

1.17 SkillBuilder: Drawing a précis map - online only

1.18 SkillBuilder: Creating and reading pictographs - online only

1.19 SkillBuilder: Describing photographs - online only

1.20 SkillBuilder: Constructing a basic sketch map - online only

1.21 Review 16

2 Landforms and landscapes – diversity, significance and management 19

2.1 Overview 20

2.2 Why do landscapes vary? 22

2.3 How are landscapes created? 25

2.4 Coastal landscapes: the role of erosion and deposition 31

2.5 How do rivers shape landscapes? 37

2.6 Australian landforms 42

2.7 Rainforests and grasslands 49

2.8 Deserts in Australia and China 58

2.9 What are underground landscapes? 65

2.10 The cultural and spiritual significance of landscapes 69

2.11 How can we manage and preserve landscapes? 74

2.12 Investigating topographic maps 84

2.13 Inquiry: Coastal environment case study 87

2.14 Review 88

3 Geomorphological processes and hazards 95

3.1 Overview 96

3.2 What are plate tectonics? 98

3.3 How do mountains form? 102

3.4 Where are the world's mountain ranges? 108

3.5 How do people connect with mountains? 113

3.6 What are earthquakes? 118

3.7 What is a tsunami? 124

3.8 What are the impacts of earthquakes and tsunamis? 128

3.9 What are volcanoes and how are they formed? 132

3.10 Investigating topographic maps – Mount Taranaki, New Zealand 137

3.11 What are the types of volcanoes and how do they erupt? 141

3.12 How do volcanic eruptions affect people? 145

3.13 Inquiry: Supervolcano report 150

3.14 Review 152

4 Changing nations – urbanisation and migration 157

4.1 Overview 158

4.2 What is migration? 160

4.3 Where are people moving to and from? 164

4.4 Why do people migrate within countries? 172

4.5 Inquiry: A migration story 179

4.6 Urbanisation and urban growth 181

4.7 Urbanisation in Australia 187

4.8 Urbanisation in Indonesia 192

4.9 What are the advantages and disadvantages of urbanisation? 197

4.10 What are megacities? 202

4.11 What are sustainable cities? 207

4.12 Inquiry: Planning Australia's newest sustainable city 213

4.13 Investigating topographic maps – Jakarta 215

4.14 Review 218

Glossary 223

Index 227