Jacaranda Humanities and Social Sciences 10 for Western Australia, 3e learnON and Print

Meet Our Author Team viii

About This Resource xi

Acknowledgements xviii

SkillBuilder summary

Hass Concepts and Skills

1 HASS concepts and skills 1

1.1 Overview 2

1.2 Key concepts and skills in HASS 4

1.3 SkillBuilder: Identifying knowledge and perspectives 9

1.4 SkillBuilder: Writing and dissecting research questions 12

1.5 SkillBuilder: Finding and referencing primary and secondary sources 15

1.6 SkillBuilder: Analysing primary and secondary sources 19

1.7 SkillBuilder: Identifying and comparing perspectives 25

1.8 SkillBuilder: Identifying and explaining relationships and patterns 30

1.9 SkillBuilder: Forming strong conclusions based on evidence 33

1.10 SkillBuilder: Proposing plausible explanations for patterns and relationships 35

1.11 SkillBuilder: Proposing possible actions and predicting their outcomes 38

1.12 SkillBuilder: Choosing appropriate formats and language 41

1.13 SkillBuilder: Developing strong evidence-based discussions and explanations 45

1.14 SkillBuilder: Reflecting on research techniques and findings 48

1.15 Review 51

Civics and Citizenship

2 Civics and Citizenship concepts and skills 55

2.1 Overview 56

2.2 Civics and Citizenship concepts and skills 58

2.3 SkillBuilder: Conducting an interview 61

2.4 SkillBuilder: Analysing political cartoons 64

2.5 SkillBuilder: Writing feature articles 68

2.6 SkillBuilder: Debating an issue 72

2.7 Review 76

3 Protecting democracy 79

3.1 Overview 80

3.2 Key features of Australia’s system of government 82

3.3 Key features of India’s system of government 89

3.4 Key features of Indonesia’s system of government 93

3.5 Key features of China’s system of government 98

3.6 Living in a cohesive society 103

3.7 Threats to democracy 107

3.8 Protecting democracy and social cohesion 113

3.9 The role of the High Court 118

3.10 Inquiry: Media campaign 125

3.11 Review 126

4 Australia as a global citizen 131

4.1 Overview 132

4.2 Australia as a global citizen 134

4.3 Australia’s roles and responsibilities as part of the United Nations 139

4.4 International peacekeeping and global regional issues 144

4.5 Australia’s obligations under international law 151

4.6 International treaties, conventions and declarations 155

4.7 Australia’s obligations to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in international law 160

4.8 Australia’s legal obligations to the environment 166

4.9 Inquiry: Report card — Australia’s response as a global citizen 172

4.10 Review 174

Economics and Business

5 Economics and Business concepts and skills 179

5.1 Overview 180

5.2 Economics and Business concepts and skills 182

5.3 SkillBuilder: Conducting research into indicators of economic performance 191

5.4 SkillBuilder: Interpreting and analysing data 193

5.5 SkillBuilder: Predicting the outcomes of economic and business decisions 194

5.6 SkillBuilder: Communicating 197

5.7 Review 200

6 Economic performance and living standards 205

6.1 Overview 206

6.2 Economic growth and Australia’s economic performance 208

6.3 Employment trends and Australia’s economic performance 214

6.4 Inflation rates and Australia’s economic performance 219

6.5 Living standards and how they relate to economic performance 224

6.6 Macroeconomic policy options 229

6.7 Government intervention in the market 237

6.8 Inquiry: How does Australia measure up? 242

6.9 Review 243

7 The changing world of business 247

7.1 Overview 248

7.2 How businesses respond to changing economic conditions 250

7.3 How businesses improve productivity 253

7.4 Ethical decision-making 257

7.5 How the workplace is changing 261

7.6 Inquiry: How do businesses adapt to change? 266

7.7 Review 267

Geography

8 Geographical concepts and skills 271

8.1 Overview 272

8.2 Geographical concepts and skills 274

8.3 SkillBuilder: Developing a structure and ethical approach to research 279

8.4 SkillBuilder: Comparing aerial photographs to investigate spatial change over time 283

8.5 SkillBuilder: Evaluating alternative responses 285

8.6 SkillBuilder: Describing change over time 290

8.7 SkillBuilder: Reading topographic maps at an advanced level .

8.8 SkillBuilder: Comparing an aerial photograph with a topographic map

8.9 SkillBuilder: Using geographic imaging systems .

8.10 SkillBuilder: Constructing and interpreting a scattergraph

8.11 SkillBuilder: Using multiple data formats .

8.12 SkillBuilder: Constructing and describing complex choropleth maps

8.13 SkillBuilder: Building a map with GIS

8.14 Review 295

9 Land-based environmental change and management 299

9.1 Overview 300

9.2 How we interact with the environment 302

9.3 Why our climate is changing 309

9.4 How we tackle climate change 315

9.5 Causes and effects of environmental change 320

9.6 The impacts of desertification and salinity 330

9.7 The impacts of native and invasive species 342

9.8 How cities impact the environment 352

9.9 The future challenges of sustainable urban environments 358

9.10 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and environmental management 363

9.11 Investigating topographic maps: managing environmental change in the Parwan Valley 369

9.12 Inquiry: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples’ land practices 372

9.13 Review 374

10 Water-based environmental change and management 381

10.1 Overview 382

10.2 How coasts are changing 384

10.3 The challenges to coastal environments 393

10.4 How we manage coastal change 401

10.5 Investigating topographic maps: Consequences of coastal change in Merimbula 407

10.6 What is special about marine environments? 409

10.7 How debris changes marine environments 415

10.8 Strategies in place to deal with marine litter 420

10.9 What is inland water? 428

10.10 Why we dam rivers and divert water 432

10.11 How we use wetlands 438

10.12 Investigating topographic maps: Wetlands along the Murray River 448

10.13 Inquiry: What are the threats to Ningaloo Reef? 450

10.14 Review 452

11 Geographies of human wellbeing 457

11.1 Overview 458

11.2 How do we measure and improve wellbeing? 460

11.3 The impact of economic, social and environmental factors 465

11.4 Life expectancy and wellbeing 469

11.5 The impact of poverty on wellbeing 477

11.6 How wellbeing varies in India 484

11.7 How wellbeing varies in Australia 492

11.8 The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, improving global wellbeing 499

11.9 Government responses to human wellbeing: Australia’s aid policies 506

11.10 The role of non-government organisations (NGOs) 512

11.11 Investigating topographic maps: Improving wellbeing in Cumborah 517

11.12 Inquiry: Improving wellbeing in a low-HDI-ranked country 519

11.13 Review 521

History

12 Historical concepts and skills 527

12.1 Overview 528

12.2 Historical concepts and skills 530

12.3 SkillBuilder: Historical questions 540

12.4 SkillBuilder: Analysing political cartoons 543

12.5 SkillBuilder: Evaluating significance 548

12.6 SkillBuilder: Communicating a structured response 549

12.7 Review 552

13 Investigating World War II 555

13.1 Overview 556

13.2 What do sources tell us about World War II? 558

13.3 The causes of World War II 562

13.4 How was Japan involved? 569

13.5 Where Australians fought up to 1942 574

13.6 Why Australians fought on the Kokoda Track 579

13.7 How did Japan change the war for Australia? 583

13.8 The experiences of Australian POWs 588

13.9 The causes and impacts of the Holocaust 593

13.10 The war on the Australian home front 598

13.11 The contribution of Australian women to the war effort 604

13.12 How the war ended and its lasting significance 610

13.13 Inquiry – Honouring Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples’ World War II service 614

13.14 Review 616

14 Investigating rights and freedoms 623

14.1 Overview 624

14.2 What do sources tell us about rights and freedoms? 626

14.3 How the Aboriginal protest movement began 630

14.4 The Stolen Generations 635

14.5 Major figures in the world’s civil rights movement 640

14.6 The impact of the Freedom Ride in Australia 646

14.7 The significance of the 1967 Referendum 651

14.8 The Torres Strait Islanders fight for freedom 655

14.9 The Aboriginal Tent Embassy 661

14.10 Land rights and protests 665

14.11 The journey to reconciliation 672

14.12 The continuing fight for change 678

14.13 How have women influenced Australian politics? 686

14.14 How has the status of Australian women changed? 692

14.15 How far have we come for the women’s rights movement? 698

14.16 Inquiry: Comparing perspectives of Australia history 703

14.17 Review 705

Glossary 712

Index 724