Jacaranda Science 10 for Western Australia, 5e learnON and Print

About this resource vii

Acknowledgements xv

Biological Sciences

1 Genetics 1

1.1 Overview 2

1.2 DNA, genes and chromosomes 4

1.3 Modelling the structure of DNA 17

1.4 Unlocking the DNA code 22

1.5 Mitosis and meiosis 33

1.6 Changing the code through mutations 46

1.7 Exploring patterns in the genome and genetic sequences 53

1.8 Inheritance of genes 59

1.9 Punnett squares and predicting inheritance 70

1.10 Interpreting pedigree diagrams 79

1.11 Review 89

2 Evolution 97

2.1 Overview 98

2.2 Processes of natural selection 102

2.3 Biodiversity as a function of evolution 109

2.4 Genetics and evolution 119

2.5 Evidence of the theory of evolution 130

2.6 Extinction 145

2.7 Review 151

Chemical Sciences

3 Chemical bonds 157

3.1 Overview 158

3.2 The periodic table 161

3.3 Electrons, electron configuration and shells 178

3.4 Ionic bonding — give and take 190

3.5 Covalent bonding — when sharing works best 196

3.6 The reactivity of metals 201

3.7 Finding the right formula 209

3.8 Review 218

4 Chemical reactions 223

4.1 Overview 224

4.2 The language of chemistry 226

4.3 Safety with chemicals 231

4.4 Synthesis reactions 236

4.5 Decomposition reactions 240

4.6 Single displacement reactions 247

4.7 Double displacement — neutralisation 251

4.8 Double displacement — precipitation 260

4.9 Chemical reactions and energy 266

4.10 Redox reactions 274

4.11 Rates of reaction 278

4.12 Review 287

Earth and Space Sciences

5 The mysterious universe 293

5.1 Overview 294

5.2 What can we observe in the changing night sky? 295

5.3 How can we measure cosmic distances? 301

5.4 What does starlight tell us? 306

5.5 How did it all begin? 321

5.6 Modern technology and the exploration of the universe 328

5.7 Review 334

6 Space exploration 337

6.1 Overview 338

6.2 Leaving Earth 340

6.3 Satellite motion 352

6.4 The solar system and beyond 365

6.5 Review 373

Physical Sciences

7 Motion 377

7.1 Overview 378

7.2 Average speed, distance and time 379

7.3 Measuring speed 389

7.4 Acceleration and changes in velocity 396

7.5 Forces and Newton’s First Law of Motion 401

7.6 Newton’s Second Law of Motion 412

7.7 Newton’s Third Law of Motion 417

7.8 Review 422

8 Energy 427

8.1 Overview 428

8.2 Work and energy 430

8.3 The conservation of energy 439

8.4 Efficiency in energy transfers and transformations 448

8.5 Review 456

Discovering Science

9 Discovering science — The inquiry process 459

9.1 Overview 460

9.2 From curiosity to questions 462

9.3 Science and ethics 467

9.4 Designing and conducting your own investigation 476

9.5 Sample scientific investigation 491

9.6 Using secondary sources to draw conclusions 495

9.7 Using spreadsheets 498

9.8 Using data loggers and databases 505

9.9 Science, technology and society 509

9.10 Review 516

Glossary 519

Index 529