Jacaranda Science Quest 10 Victorian Curriculum, 3e learnON & Print

About This Resource v

Meet Our Author Team xiii

Acknowledgements xv

Understanding command terms in the Victorian Curriculum xvi

Biological Sciences

1 Genetics 1

1.1 Overview 2

1.2 DNA, genes and chromosomes 4

1.3 Discovering the structure of DNA 17

1.4 Unlocking the DNA code 22

1.5 Mitosis and meiosis 33

1.6 Changing the code through mutations 46

1.7 Exploring patterns in the genome and genetic sequences 53

1.8 Inheritance of genes 59

1.9 Punnett squares and predicting inheritance 70

1.10 Interpreting pedigree diagrams 79

1.11 Biotechnological tools to edit the genome 88

1.12 Interwoven stories of DNA and the genome 96

1.13 Review 102

2 Evolution 111

2.1 Overview 112

2.2 Processes of natural selection 116

2.3 Biodiversity as a function of evolution 123

2.4 Genetics and evolution 133

2.5 Evidence of the theory of evolution 144

2.6 Extinction 159

2.7 Review 165

Chemical Sciences

3 Chemical patterns 171

3.1 Overview 172

3.2 The periodic table 175

3.3 Electrons, electron configuration and shells 192

3.4 Ionic bonding — give and take 205

3.5 Covalent bonding — when sharing works best 211

3.6 The reactivity of metals 216

3.7 Finding the right formula 224

3.8 Review 233

4 Chemical reactions 237

4.1 Overview 238

4.2 The language of chemistry 240

4.3 Safety with chemicals 245

4.4 Synthesis reactions 250

4.5 Decomposition reactions 254

4.6 Single displacement reactions 260

4.7 Double displacement — neutralisation 265

4.8 Double displacement — precipitation 274

4.9 Chemical reactions and energy 280

4.10 Redox reactions 288

4.11 Rates of reaction 292

4.12 Making useful products 300

4.13 Review 308

Earth and Space Sciences

5 Global climate change 313

5.1 Overview 314

5.2 Global systems 316

5.3 Climate patterns 330

5.4 Dynamics of climate change 337

5.5 Biodiversity and climate change 348

5.6 Cool solutions 357

5.7 Review 371

6 Space exploration 375

6.1 Overview 376

6.2 Leaving Earth 378

6.3 Satellite motion 390

6.4 The solar system and beyond 398

6.5 Review 405

7 The mysterious universe 409

7.1 Overview 410

7.2 What can we observe in the changing night sky? 411

7.3 How can we measure cosmic distances? 417

7.4 What does starlight tell us? 422

7.5 How did it all begin? 435

7.6 Modern technology and the exploration of the universe 442

7.7 Review 453

Physical Sciences

8 Forces, energy and motion 455

8.1 Overview 456

8.2 Average speed, distance and time 457

8.3 Measuring speed 467

8.4 Acceleration and changes in velocity 474

8.5 Forces and Newton’s First Law of Motion 478

8.6 Newton’s Second Law of Motion 487

8.7 Newton’s Third Law of Motion 492

8.8 Work and energy 496

8.9 Conservation of energy 501

8.10 Designing safety devices 507

8.11 Review 513

9 Science quests

9.1 Overview

9.2 Endless possibilities

9.3 From superheroes to super science

9.4 The nanoworld

9.5 Stem cells

9.6 Moving to Mars

9.7 The science quest continues

9.8 Review

10 Psychology

10.1 Overview

10.2 Introducing psychology

10.3 The brain

10.4 Intelligence

10.5 Emotions and communication

10.6 Memory

10.7 Sleep and sleep disorders

10.8 Psychopathology

10.9 Treatment of mental health disorders

10.10 Groups and social psychology

10.11 Forensic psychology

10.12 Review

11 Forensics

11.1 Overview

11.2 Unravelling the mystery — who did it?

11.3 Forensic toolbox

11.4 Discovering the truth through forensics

11.5 Clues from blood

11.6 Clues in hair, fibres and tracks

11.7 Life as a forensic scientist

11.8 Forensics and the future

11.9 Review

Glossary 522

Index 533

Periodic table