Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, 4th Asia-Pacific Edition

Preface xv

About the authors xvi

1. An introduction to the human body 1

2. The chemical level of organisation 35

3. The cellular level of organisation 83

4. The tissue level of organisation 147

5. The integumentary system 193

6. The skeletal system: bone tissue 233

7. The skeletal system: the axial skeleton 267

8. The skeletal system: the appendicular skeleton 311

9. Joints 343

10. Muscular tissue 387

11. The muscular system 435

12. Nervous tissue 519

13. The spinal cord and spinal nerves 573

14. The brain and cranial nerves 613

15. The autonomic nervous system 675

16. Sensory, motor, and integrative systems 707

17. The special senses 747

18. The endocrine system 805

19. The cardiovascular system: the blood 865

20. The cardiovascular system: the heart 903

21. The cardiovascular system: blood vessels and haemodynamics 955

22. The lymphatic system and immunity 1039

23. The respiratory system 1097

24. The digestive system 1155

25. Metabolism and nutrition 1227

26. The urinary system 1281

27. Fluid, electrolyte, and acid–base homeostasis 1335

28. The reproductive systems 1361

29. Development and inheritance 1419

Appendix A 1471

Appendix B 1473

Appendix C 1475

Appendix D 1479

Appendix E 1481

Index 1483